Hernia treatment typically involves surgical intervention, though the specifics can vary depending on the type, size, and severity of the hernia, as well as the patient’s overall health. Understanding what to expect during hernia treatment can help alleviate anxiety and prepare you for the process.
What causes a hernia?
A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot or tear in the muscle or connective tissue that normally contains it. Common causes include heavy lifting, which increases abdominal pressure, obesity, and straining during bowel movements or urination. Chronic coughing or sneezing can also contribute to hernia development by consistently applying pressure to the abdominal area. Additionally, factors like ageing, which can weaken muscles, and genetic predisposition can play significant roles. Certain medical conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or connective tissue disorders, further increase the risk of developing a hernia.
What are the symptoms of a hernia?
A hernia typically manifests as a lump or swelling in the groin area. This lump often diminishes when lying down and reemerges upon standing, coughing, or straining. Sometimes, gentle pressure is required to push the lump back, and it may be accompanied by a gurgling or clicking sensation. A dull ache might also be reported. It’s important to note that groin pain can be indicative of a hernia even without a visible lump, and in such cases, a scan may be needed for a definitive diagnosis.
Preoperative Preparation
Before surgery, a thorough medical evaluation is conducted. This includes a physical examination and possibly imaging tests like an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to precisely locate the hernia and assess its extent. The doctor will review the patient’s medical history, including any previous surgeries, allergies, and current medications. Patients may be advised to stop certain medications, such as blood thinners, to reduce the risk of bleeding during surgery. Fasting for a specific period before the procedure is usually required.
Types of Surgery
There are two main types of surgery to treat hernias: open surgery and laparoscopic (minimally invasive) surgery.
Open Surgery: Involves a larger incision at the site of the hernia. The surgeon pushes the protruding tissue back into place and reinforces the weakened area with sutures and sometimes a mesh for additional support.
Laparoscopic Surgery: Involves several small incisions through which a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and surgical tools are inserted. The surgeon uses these instruments to repair the hernia from within, also often using a mesh.
During Surgery
Hernia surgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia, though local or regional anaesthesia may be used in some cases. The duration of the surgery depends on the complexity of the hernia but usually lasts between 30 minutes and two hours.
Postoperative Care
Post-surgery, patients are moved to a recovery room where they are monitored as they wake from anaesthesia, or whilst the local anaesthesia wears off. Pain management is crucial, and medications are prescribed to control discomfort. Some patients may be able to go home the same day (especially with laparoscopic surgery), while others might require a short overnight hospital stay.
Recovery
Recovery times vary. For laparoscopic surgery, many patients return to normal activities within a week, while open surgery might require a longer recovery period of up to six weeks. During this time, patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities to allow proper healing. Follow-up appointments are essential to monitor the healing process and address any complications, such as infection or hernia recurrence.
Complications
Although hernia surgeries are generally safe, potential complications include infection, bleeding, pain, and recurrence of the hernia. Signs of complications, such as severe pain, fever, redness, or swelling at the incision site, should prompt immediate medical attention.
Post Surgery Expectations
With successful hernia repair, most patients experience significant relief from symptoms and can resume normal activities without discomfort. Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting, and following a balanced diet can help prevent future hernias.
In summary, hernia treatment, primarily through surgical repair, is generally effective and straightforward, with a focus on preoperative preparation, careful surgical technique, and attentive postoperative care to ensure a smooth recovery and minimise complications. Surgeons such as Mr Andrew Clarke are experts in hernia treatment and hernia removal. Get in touch to discuss treatment options today.
